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calculate-averages [2020/04/29 12:28] – jstanfordcalculate-averages [2022/11/21 19:40] (current) – apape
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 To calculate a student’s cycle average for a course, you must know the weighting type used for the course (percentage, point, or multiplier).\\  \\   To calculate a student’s cycle average for a course, you must know the weighting type used for the course (percentage, point, or multiplier).\\  \\  
   * **Percentage** - A percentage is assigned to each category. The percentages must total 100%.\\  \\     * **Percentage** - A percentage is assigned to each category. The percentages must total 100%.\\  \\  
-  * **Point** - A point value is assigned to each category. The categories are only used for grouping similar assignments. The calculation is based on the total points, not weighting.\\  \\  +  * **Point** - A point value is __not__ assigned to each category; instead, point values are determined when the assignment is created. Point values for each category accumulate as assignments are added. When using point-based weighting, the categories are only used for grouping similar assignments. The calculation is based on the total points, not weighting.\\  \\  
   * **Multiplier** - A multiplier number (between 1-9) is assigned to each category. For multipliers greater than one, the individual assignment grades are counted multiple times. Multiplier-based weighting is often used in elementary schools.\\  \\     * **Multiplier** - A multiplier number (between 1-9) is assigned to each category. For multipliers greater than one, the individual assignment grades are counted multiple times. Multiplier-based weighting is often used in elementary schools.\\  \\  
 The weighting types allowed are set by the campus. Perform the calculations for the appropriate weighting type for the course.\\  \\   The weighting types allowed are set by the campus. Perform the calculations for the appropriate weighting type for the course.\\  \\  
-  * In TeacherPortal, the teacher specifies the weighting type for each course on the Administer Categories page under **Weighting Type**. The teacher can only choose weighting types that are allowed by the campus.\\  \\   +  * In TeacherPortal, the teacher specifies the weighting type for each course on [[settings:administercategories|Settings > Manage Categories]] under **Weighting Type**. The teacher can only choose weighting types that are allowed by the campus.\\  \\   
-  * In ParentPortal, the weighting type is displayed to parents on the Grades > Cycle Grades page (detail view).\\  \\  +  * In ParentPortal, the weighting type is displayed to parents on the **//Grades > Cycle Grades//** page (detail view).\\  \\  
 For more information, see the following sections at the end of this page: For more information, see the following sections at the end of this page:
   * Extra Credit & Extra Points   * Extra Credit & Extra Points
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   * Calculating Semester Averages   * Calculating Semester Averages
  
-=====Percent-based=====+<div head2>Percent-based</div>
 If the course uses percent-based weighting, the teacher assigns a percentage to each assignment category. Examples of assignment categories are homework, tests, labs, quizzes, etc. The percentages for all categories must total 100%. If the course uses percent-based weighting, the teacher assigns a percentage to each assignment category. Examples of assignment categories are homework, tests, labs, quizzes, etc. The percentages for all categories must total 100%.
  
-===Formula for percent-based:===+<div head3>Formula for percent-based:</div>
  
 |1.|{{page>general:calculate_average_percent_step1}}| |1.|{{page>general:calculate_average_percent_step1}}|
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-=====Point-based===== +<div head2>Point-based</div> 
-If the course uses point-based weighting, the teacher assigns point values for each assignment category. Examples of assignment categories are homework, tests, labs, quizzes, etc. The point values must equal the total number of points for the cycle. The calculation is based on the total points, not weighting.+If the course uses point-based weighting, the teacher assigns point values for each assignment (rather than for each category). 
  
-===Formula for point-based:===+<div head3>Formula for point-based:</div>
  
 |1.|{{page>general:calculate_average_point_step1}}| |1.|{{page>general:calculate_average_point_step1}}|
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-=====Multiplier-based=====+<div head2>Multiplier-based</div>
 If the course uses multiplier-based weighting, the teacher assigns a multiplier number (between 1-9) for each category. For multipliers greater than one, the individual assignment grades are counted multiple times. Multiplier-based weighting is often used in elementary schools. If the course uses multiplier-based weighting, the teacher assigns a multiplier number (between 1-9) for each category. For multipliers greater than one, the individual assignment grades are counted multiple times. Multiplier-based weighting is often used in elementary schools.
  
-===Formula for multiplier-based-based:===+<div head3>Formula for multiplier-based-based:</div>
  
 |1.||{{page>general:calculate_average_multiplier_step1}}| |1.||{{page>general:calculate_average_multiplier_step1}}|
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 |3.||{{page>general:calculate_average_multiplier_step3}}| |3.||{{page>general:calculate_average_multiplier_step3}}|
  
-=====Extra Credit & Extra Points===== +<div head2>Extra Credit & Extra Points</div> 
-If an assignment is for extra credit, the instructor must select Extra Credit for the assignment on the Administer Assignments page.\\  \\  +If an assignment is for extra credit, the teacher must select Extra Credit for the assignment on [[settings:administerassignments|Settings > Manage Assignments]].\\  \\  
 Extra credit assignments add points to the average for the category selected. If a student ha no grade or a zero for the extra credit assignment, it does not count against him when his average is calculated. Extra credit assignments add points to the average for the category selected. If a student ha no grade or a zero for the extra credit assignment, it does not count against him when his average is calculated.
 \\   \\  
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-=====Transfer Students===== +<div head2>Transfer Students</div>
-If a student transfers into the course during a cycle, the following calculations are used to determine his working cycle average:+
  
-===Formula for transfer student:=== 
  
-|1.|{{page>general:calculate_average_transfer_student_step1}}| +{{page>general:calculate_average_transfer_student}}
-|2.|{{page>general:calculate_average_transfer_student_step2}}| +
-|3.|{{page>general:calculate_average_transfer_student_step3}}| +
-|4.|{{page>general:calculate_average_transfer_student_step4}}| +
-|5.|{{page>general:calculate_average_transfer_student_step5}}|+
  
-If a student transferred from a course that posts letter grades to a course that posts numeric grades and a letter grade is entered for his transfer average, the grade conversion table is used to determine the numeric value. 
  
-=====Dropped Assignments===== 
  
-If the instructor has indicated that one or more lowest grades can be dropped for any categories, the following applies:\\  \\  +<div head2>Dropped Assignments</div> 
 + 
 +If the teacher has indicated that one or more lowest grades can be dropped for any categories, the following applies:\\  \\  
   * For all weighting types (percent, point, and multiplier), the number of assignment grades to drop is figured in when calculating the total points earned. If the number of grades entered is greater than the number of grades to drop, the lowest X grades are dropped, where X is the specified number to drop for that category. If the number of grades to drop is greater than or equal to the number of grades entered, no grades are dropped.\\  \\     * For all weighting types (percent, point, and multiplier), the number of assignment grades to drop is figured in when calculating the total points earned. If the number of grades entered is greater than the number of grades to drop, the lowest X grades are dropped, where X is the specified number to drop for that category. If the number of grades to drop is greater than or equal to the number of grades entered, no grades are dropped.\\  \\  
   * If a student has an assignment grade of M (missing), the grade is calculated as a zero; therefore, missing grades can be dropped, if applicable.\\  \\     * If a student has an assignment grade of M (missing), the grade is calculated as a zero; therefore, missing grades can be dropped, if applicable.\\  \\  
   * The student’s average will always reflect the dropped grades.   * The student’s average will always reflect the dropped grades.
 \\   \\  
-<WRAP box>**WARNING:** If all assignments in a category do not have the same total points value (as entered on the Administer Assignments page), the calculations for dropping a specified number of assignments for the category may result in an average that is different than expected. If the total points value varies, the grade with the lowest number of points may not necessarily be the lowest grade.</WRAP>+<WRAP box>**WARNING:** If all assignments in a category do not have the same total points value (as entered on [[settings:administerassignments|Settings > Manage Assignments]]), the calculations for dropping a specified number of assignments for the category may result in an average that is different than expected. If the total points value varies, the grade with the lowest number of points may not necessarily be the lowest grade.</WRAP>
  
-=====Rounding Numbers=====+<div head2>Rounding Numbers</div>
 When calculating the student's cycle average, be aware of the following details:\\  \\   When calculating the student's cycle average, be aware of the following details:\\  \\  
   * Assignment grades are always whole numbers (i.e., no decimals).\\  \\     * Assignment grades are always whole numbers (i.e., no decimals).\\  \\  
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   * When the semester average is calculated, the rounded cycle averages are used. The semester average is rounded to the nearest whole number. The semester average is always displayed as a whole number.   * When the semester average is calculated, the rounded cycle averages are used. The semester average is rounded to the nearest whole number. The semester average is always displayed as a whole number.
  
-=====Missing & Incomplete Grades=====+<div head3>Missing & Incomplete Grades</div>
  
 When calculating a student's average, be aware of the following details:\\  \\   When calculating a student's average, be aware of the following details:\\  \\  
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   * If a student has an assignment grade of I (incomplete), no averages are calculated, and an I is displayed in place of the average. The grade remains as an I until a grade is entered for the assignment.   * If a student has an assignment grade of I (incomplete), no averages are calculated, and an I is displayed in place of the average. The grade remains as an I until a grade is entered for the assignment.
  
-=====Power Law Computation=====+<div head3>Power Law Computation</div>
  
-For campuses that use standards-based grading, a student’s standard score may reflect the average for the standard, which is calculated by adding all scores for all assignments associated with the standard, and dividing by the number of assignments. Or, the student’s score may be calculated using the power law computation. The higher of the two is always displayed as the student’s standard score, unless the instructor has entered an override score.\\  \\  +For campuses that use standards-based grading, a student’s standard score may reflect the average for the standard, which is calculated by adding all scores for all assignments associated with the standard, and dividing by the number of assignments. Or, the student’s score may be calculated using the power law computation. The higher of the two is always displayed as the student’s standard score, unless the teacher has entered an override score.\\  \\  
 The power law computation is based on the idea that a student’s later scores should have more weight than his earliest scores, because later scores are more reflective of the student’s accumulated knowledge.\\  \\   The power law computation is based on the idea that a student’s later scores should have more weight than his earliest scores, because later scores are more reflective of the student’s accumulated knowledge.\\  \\  
 The nonlinear power law equation is y = //m// * //x//<sup>b</sup> , where:\\  \\   The nonlinear power law equation is y = //m// * //x//<sup>b</sup> , where:\\  \\  
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   - Calculate the log of x and the log of y for all possible x values and all possible y values.\\  \\     - Calculate the log of x and the log of y for all possible x values and all possible y values.\\  \\  
   - Use the log values for x and y in the linear equation y = m//x// + b (i.e., log(y) = m * log(x) + b).   - Use the log values for x and y in the linear equation y = m//x// + b (i.e., log(y) = m * log(x) + b).
-    * Solve for m in this linear equation to get the value for //b// for the nonlinear equation.\\  \\  {{:images:new_power_law_computation_-_m.png|Power Law computation solving for m}} +    * Solve for m in this linear equation to get the value for //b// for the nonlinear equation.\\  \\  {{:images:screenshots:new_power_law_computation_-_m.png|Power Law computation solving for m}} 
-    * Solve for b in this linear equation to get log(m). Calculate m using the formula m = e<sup>log(m)</sup> to get the value for //m// in the nonlinear equation.\\  \\  {{:images:new_power_law_computation_-_b.png|Power Law computation solving for b}}\\  \\  +    * Solve for b in this linear equation to get log(m). Calculate m using the formula m = e<sup>log(m)</sup> to get the value for //m// in the nonlinear equation.\\  \\  {{:images:screenshots:new_power_law_computation_-_b.png|Power Law computation solving for b}}\\  \\  
 Use the new values for //m// and //b// in the nonlinear power law equation. Use the new values for //m// and //b// in the nonlinear power law equation.
  
-=====Calculating Semester Averages=====+<div head3>Calculating Semester Averages</div>
  
-Semester averages are calculated during the last cycle of the semester according to options set on **//TxEIS Grade Reporting > Maintenance > Tables > Campus Control Options > Computation//**.\\  \\  +Semester averages are calculated during the last cycle of the semester according to options set on **//Grade Reporting > Maintenance > Tables > Campus Control Options > Computation//**.\\  \\  
 If **Include Exam in Semester Average** is selected on the Computation tab, the following occurs:\\  \\   If **Include Exam in Semester Average** is selected on the Computation tab, the following occurs:\\  \\  
   * If **Exam Weight Equal** is selected, the exam grade is given the same weight as the cycle averages when calculating the semester average. For example, if there are three cycles in the semester, the student’s cycle averages are 80, 85, and 90, and the student earned 100 on the semester exam, the semester average calculation is as follows:\\  \\  (80 + 85 + 90 + 100) / 4\\  \\     * If **Exam Weight Equal** is selected, the exam grade is given the same weight as the cycle averages when calculating the semester average. For example, if there are three cycles in the semester, the student’s cycle averages are 80, 85, and 90, and the student earned 100 on the semester exam, the semester average calculation is as follows:\\  \\  (80 + 85 + 90 + 100) / 4\\  \\  
calculate-averages.1588163308.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/04/29 07:28 (external edit)

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